Furthermore, while in the BPRHS population no significant interactions between IRS1 variants and carbohydrates influenced the risk of T2D, impaired fasting glucose levels and MetS in the GOLDN population subjects with the rs7578326 G allele and those with the rs2943641 T-allele had a reduced risk of MetS compared to AA and CC carriers, respectively, only when SFA-to-carbohydrate ratio was ≤0.24, thus suggesting the importance of developing specific dietary recommendations in different populations [185]. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and metabolic syndrome.