Since the discovery that the -308 G/A variant enhances TNF-α transcriptional activity, numerous studies have explored its association with various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer [42,43], pulmonary diseases [44,45], type 2 diabetes [26,27], components of metabolic syndrome [25], and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [46]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.