NOS2 and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: In rodent models of EDs, neuroinflammatory changes are consistently observed: in AN models, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of astrocytes and microglia have been reported in the hippocampus; in BED, increased hypothalamic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been noted; and in female mice, deletion of the IKKβ pathway in dopaminergic neurons reduced neuroinflammation and binge-like behaviors [82].