A multicenter case–control study (n = 360) demonstrated that 76.7% of ovarian cancer patients and BRCA1 mutation carriers exhibited a non-Lactobacillus-dominated (Type O) vaginal microbiota, contrasting with the Lactobacillus-dominated (Type L) communities prevalent in healthy controls (p < 0.05) [19,20]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and ovarian carcinoma.