CASP3 and neoplasm: For example, in the study of canthaxanthin downregulating EGFR in NSCLC, this approach was applied to map multi-target interactions—including EGFR, SRC, and CASP3—with cancer-related signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K-AKT and MAPK) and apoptotic mechanisms, confirming potent and selective anti-tumor activity through integrated computational simulations (molecular docking and dynamics) and in vitro assays [64].