TNF and atherosclerosis: Finally, in vivo (rat/zebrafish) and in vitro (cell models) validations remain essential, exemplified by the Moluodan concentrated pill downregulating TNF-α/PI3K/p-Akt in gastritis [72] and the Buyang huanwu decoction modulating the AKT1/MAPK1/PIK3CA axis against atherosclerosis [73].