CLPP and infection: These studies revealed that various genes were associated with bacterial virulence, such as genes encoding proteins involved in adherence (Flagella, Flp type IV pili, CBPs, InlJ, Lap, LPS, Hsp60, IlpA), serum resistance (LPS), anti-phagocytosis (Alginate regulation, Capsule), stress protein (ClpC, MsrAB, ClpP), secretion systems (Dot/Icm, T7SS, TTSS, T4SS, HSI-I), iron uptake (HitABC, FbpABC, FupA), and toxin (Cya), which is a risk factor of infection.