VEGFA and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the promotion of abnormal neovascularization result in the progression to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), which is exacerbated since Lp(a) amplifies oxidative stress (OS) in the retinal microvasculature, also impairing retinal pericyte viability and leading to structural changes in the vitreoretinal interface, thereby potentially progressing retinal microvascular alterations [4].