The low rate of pCR found in this study is an improvement from historic rates of < 10%.33 This may suggest improved effectiveness with an anthracycline- and taxane-based NAC regimen, which could result in increased rates of pCR and associated long-term benefits.41 Additionally, use of immunotherapy agents (namely anti‐CTLA4 blockade and anti‐PD‐1 blockade) has shown some promise, albeit at the risk of higher toxicity and mortality.42 Targeted therapies are also under current investigation for applicability in this cohort of breast cancers. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and breast cancer.