CD274 and neoplasm: While this strategy avoids some of the pitfalls associated with whole cell lysates, the overexpression of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), on the membranes of cancer cells and the lack of ligands for targeting antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) can inhibit effective immune activation, limiting the potential of membrane‐based vaccines to induce a robust anti‐tumor response.[12, 13, 14] Therefore, to elicit robust immune responses, it is crucial to enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cell membranes, ensuring their effectiveness as a potent cancer vaccine.