Next, we examined the effect of NAT10 on the conversion of cathepsin D, one of the most representative hydrolytic enzymes, from precursor to mature form, which is required for lysosomal function in decomposing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles.[8, 13, 15] Interestingly, overexpression of NAT10 led to a notable increase in the maturation of cathepsin D in ESCC cells (Figure 1E). This evidence concerns the gene CTSD and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.