Except for COVID-19-associated acute stroke, it is challenging to differentiate ADEM from various inflammatory and demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (Table 4) [5]. This evidence concerns the gene OMG and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.