Specifically, ligand–receptor pairs such as Thy1-(Itgam+Itgb2), Mif-(Cd74+Cxcr4), Tgfb1-(Tgfbr1+Tgfbr2), and Pecam1-Pecam1 showed higher mean expression levels in lupus mice than in DHA-treated mice. Here, TGFBR1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.