Accumulating evidence has shown that PD-L1 is highly expressed on the surface of tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEX) and that exosomal PD-L1 (ExoPD-L1) shares the same membrane topology as cell surface PD-L1, with its extracellular domain displayed on the surface of the exosomes, which can directly bind the PD-1 receptor, inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses [4,5]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.