The anti-TNF–treated group had significantly higher proportions of S-specific MZ-like B cells and aMBCs, and lower proportions of cMBCs after dose 2 and 3, compared with people in the healthy control group and patients with IBD treated with anti-IL12/23 (Figure 2F), based on pairwise permutation tests with bootstrapping using the scProportionTest library in R (41). Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.