TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Patients with IBD treated with infliximab (anti-TNF) had lower levels of Abs specific for influenza A/H3N2 or A/H1N1 compared with people in the healthy control group, whereas patients with IBD treated with ustekinumab (anti-IL-12/23) had similar responses to influenza vaccination as people in the healthy control group (17), similar to our findings with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.