The kinases capable of phosphorylating eIF2α and thus involved in the integrated stress response (ISR), are: i) the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), activated by viral infection [7]; ii) the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress [9]; iii) the general control nonderepressible-2 kinase (GCN2), activated by amino acid deficiency [10], [11]; and iv) the heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), stimulated by heme deficiency, heavy metals [12], and nitric oxide [6], [8]. Here, EIF2AK2 is linked to viral infectious disease.