APP and Alzheimer disease: Finally, we immunoblotted for certain proteins that currently serve as strong and reliable biomarkers of AD in human brain [e.g., amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins and beta secretase (BACE); Banning et al., 2021; Cheignon et al., 2018; Dodart et al., 2002; Hamley, 2012; Hersi et al., 2017; Perl, 2010].