Furthermore, interference of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway facilitates autophagy in articular chondrocytes and depresses the inflammatory response in osteoarthritis rats, and activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway has been shown to inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis of glioma cells (Xue et al., 2017; Chen H. et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and central nervous system cancer.