The compound 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose, extracted from Galla rhois, alleviates microvascular inflammation and tubular damage in AKI models through the downregulation of ICAM-1, MCP-1, and HMGB1 expression (Park et al., 2018). Here, HMGB1 is linked to acute kidney injury.