HMGB1 and Sepsis: Additionally, miR-22 mitigates sepsis-associated AKI via downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway (Zhang et al., 2023), while miR-129-5p attenuates LPS-induced AKI by targeting the HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB axis (Huang et al., 2020).