They also reduce inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress (downregulating BiP, ATF6, CHOP, ERK, JNK, etc.), promote the expression of HSL and ATGL to accelerate lipolysis, and regulate AUC of ITT, GTT, HOMA-IR index, fasting blood glucose, insulin level and so on to improve the body’s insulin resistance, and finally play a role in the treatment of MAFLD. Here, CCL2 is linked to Insulin resistance.