These results are consistent with previous studies that highlighted the beneficial effects of SLM on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in mitigating docetaxel-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicity, as well as the upregulatory effects of silymarin-encapsulated liposomes on SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (Yardım et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and diabetic kidney disease.