AKT1 and Parkinsonism: The protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway leads to neuronal cell survival by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis (through suppression of pro-apoptotic factors like BAD and caspase-9) and improving neurogenesis (via mTOR-dependent synaptic plasticity and CREB-mediated gene expression), as demonstrated in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases (Long et al., 2021).