FLT3 and acute myeloid leukemia: Despite significant advances in conventional therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy (e.g., cytarabine, anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin) (98), targeted therapy (e.g., gilteritinib targeting FLT3 mutations) (99), radiation therapy (100), and HSCs transplantation (HSCT) have acquired great success in AML treatment (101), the overall survival rate of AML patients remain suboptimal, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 30% to 40% according to different studies (102–104).