STAT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Wen, Z. et al found that both cytokines and growth factors are capable of inducing the serine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3.[44] Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while enhancing cell apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.[45] Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) induces the apoptosis of HCC cells through the TP53 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting their proliferation and migration.[46] In the future, we will also add cell experiments for verification.