CCL2 and lung cancer: This revealed key signaling molecules and pathways associated with progression, including angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, immune evasion, and inflammation, for example, VEGFA/VEGFB [54,55], FOXO3 [56], and PDGFRB [57] in lung cancer angiogenesis (Figure 7B); CCL2 [58] and CXCL12 [59] chemokines modulating CAF activity in breast cancer invasion/metastasis (Figure 7C); and MFGE8 [60] and MYC [61] promoting survival, EMT, and phagocytosis in ovarian cancer (Figure 7D).