FHL1 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: XIRP2, regulated by MEF2A in the angiotensin II signaling pathway, is involved in fibrosis and apoptosis [121]; PDLIM5 is spliced via RBPMS, contributing to sarcomeric protein diversity and contractile precision [122]; and FHL1/FHL2 interact with cytoskeletal and nuclear signaling pathways to regulate contractility and autophagy, with mutations closely associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and related myopathies [123,124].