BIRC5 and cancer: In the promoter region of the BIRC5 gene many variants including rs8073069, rs17878467 and rs9904341 [5,28,31,35], have shown associations with different types of cancers, including leukemia [36,37], colorectal [38,39,40,41], renal [41], gastric [42,43,44], pancreatic [45], prostatic [17], urothelial [46], cervical [47], bladder [46], esophageal [48,49], nasopharyngeal [24], and breast cancer [50].