DLG4 and dementia: By scavenging ROS and RNS, enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduction in amyloid plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, modulation of apoptotic pathways and neuronal survival signals, and improving synaptic protein expression (e.g., synaptophysin, PSD-95), curcumin targets multiple key mechanisms implicated in dementia progression.