Although targeted therapies (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved outcomes, intrinsic and acquired resistance, often driven by reactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways, remains a significant challenge in the clinical management of melanoma [3]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.