CCL2 and metabolic syndrome: This condition, a major component of metabolic syndrome, has been associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukins (IL-6, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, leptin, resistin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [28,29].