Besides the described role of RNA in PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, another example of RNA-mediated improvement of immune checkpoint blockade treatment of glioblastomas in mice is the lupus-derived 4H2 anti-guanosine autoantibody, which enters cells through a membrane transit nucleoside salvage-linked pathway after systemic administration. Here, CD274 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.