A set of two pfeRNAs, one binding p-ERM proteins (ERM-pfeRNA) influencing signal transduction [12], and the other p60-MDM2 (p-60-MDM2 pfeRNA) affecting cancer cell apoptosis and chemoresistance to cisplatin-based therapy [15], distinguishes among controls and pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer patients. The gene discussed is ETV5; the disease is cancer.