CD274 and neoplasm: Like PDLpfeRNAa, PDLpfeRNAb binds to PD-L1 [6,17]; however, in contrast to PDLpfeRNAa, it inhibits the functional interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, consequently inhibiting tumor immune escape, as do the PD-1 inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy (Figure 2B).