Inflammation has been intensively observed in the early and late stages of RA and is triggered by NF-κB activation in both T cells and antigen-presenting cells directly or indirectly by extracellular and/or intracellular stimuli (e.g., IL-1β, -6, TNF-α, MMPs, etc.). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.