Elevated levels of IFN-γ induce the production of CXCL9 and CXCL10, which share the common receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) on CD8+ T cells, to form the IFN-γ-CXCL9/10-CXCR3 (ICC) signaling axis (Figure 6). Here, CXCR3 is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.