TNF and asthma: Previously, adjuvant free asthma models, in which the proinflammatory effects of mast cells become most apparent because of the elimination of adjuvant-driven inflammatory processes, have been used by Galli and others to define a key endogenous adjuvant function for mast cells themselves, perhaps driven in part by their production of TNF, in orchestrating allergen driven type 2 lung inflammation [31].