TGFB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: The top activated PWs in the HCM LV compared with the healthy LV (hLV) were HIF1α signaling and TGFβ signaling (Figure 1a), while in the HCM LA, cardiac hypertrophy signaling, ILK signaling, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages were most significantly upregulated (Figure 2a).