LGALS9 and breast cancer: Increased expression of Gal-9 has been observed in tumors such as breast cancer, HPV-associated cervical carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma [49,50,51], while reduced expression has been reported in gastric, colon, esophageal, melanoma, hepatocellular, renal cell, adrenal, and prostate cancers [38,52,53,54].