PA2G4 and brain ischemia: PA2G4/EBP1 ubiquitination via PRKN/PARKIN promotes mitophagy, protecting neurons from death in cerebral ischemia [29], etc. Based on the above research background, we screened the key members of the RING, HECT, and RBR E3 ligase families and found that these protein molecules promote or inhibit ischemic stroke injury (Table 1) by regulating the signaling pathways of neuroinflammation, mitophagy, and cell death [1,2,3].