Previous studies have reported differences in TGF-β isoform levels in the AH of FECD patients, where Matthaei et al. found no difference in TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels between phakic FECD and cataract controls but found that pseudophakic FECD eyes had elevated TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels, suggesting that cataract surgery alters the AH environment [41,45]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.