FIS1 and kidney disorder: In renal diseases, non-histone lactylation, such as mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) lysine 20 (Fis1 K20la) and acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2 (ACSF2) lysine 182 (ACSF2 K182la), targets key mitochondrial proteins, exacerbating abnormal mitochondrial division and disturbed energy metabolism [26,27].