CSPG4 and cardiomyopathy: To assess cardiac performance, the animals underwent echocardiography at baseline (T0) and were then randomly assigned to the following experimental groups to ensure a balanced distribution of cardiomyopathy severity: (I) WT+CD3-NTs, (II) WT+CSPG4.CAR-T, (III) mdx+CD3-NTs, and (IV) mdx+CSPG4.CAR-T.