By leveraging common, easy-to-handle cell lines, such as BV2 and SH-SY5Y, and incorporating LPS-driven immune activation, this system successfully mimics aspects of the neuroinflammatory environment seen in neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the dysregulation of autophagy, as well as impaired insulin sensitivity and the accumulation of protein aggregates. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.