TGFB1 and cancer: Biological pathway analysis of the aforementioned six genes and target genes used in the linear models (TMEM220, NKAPL, TGFBR3, and SHE) showed enrichment of biological pathways related to various cancer types (e.g., bladder cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, proteoglycans in cancer) and to signaling pathways whose alterations are often associated with carcinogenesis, e.g., TGF-β-signaling [68], erbB-signaling [74], and relaxin-signaling pathways [75] (Figure 6C).