A microarray study conducted by MohanKumar et al. revealed the significantly increased expression of several cytokines in NEC-affected bowels compared with normal tissue, notably IL1-alpha, IL1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) [10]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis.