TGFB1 and tuberculosis: However, tuberculosis is characterised by a different picture of immune activation to sarcoidosis: tuberculosis exhibits M1 and M2-like macrophage activation with a high level of TGF-β production and low IFN-γ, while sarcoidosis demonstrates mainly M1-like macrophages, no TGF-β production, and an increased level of IFN-γ [1].