α7nAChR agonists have frequently been shown to be neuroprotective against toxicity induced by Aβ or other insults relevant to AD pathological processes (glutamate toxicity, oxidative stress) through modulation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (reviewed by [189,190]). The gene discussed is JAK2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.