A previous meta-analysis focused on populations of European ancestry identified statistically significant associations between non-syndromic orofacial clefts and 19 genetic variants located in or near 13 genes/loci, including IRF6, GRHL3, 8q24, VAX1, TGFA, FOXE1, ABCA4, NOG, GREM1, AXIN2, DVL2, WNT3A, and WNT5A [37]. This evidence concerns the gene VAX1 and orofacial cleft.