Further mechanistic studies showed that ZKSCAN3 also binds to the promoter region of the Tiam1 gene and represses its expression, whereas the abnormal expression of Tiam1, a key regulator of the DNA damage response, may exacerbate the anemia process by interfering with the erythrocyte apoptotic program [35,38,39]. The gene discussed is TIAM1; the disease is anemia (phenotype).