TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Jorge Henao-Mejia et al. conducted experiments in transgenic mice deficient in inflammatory bodies and found that TLR4, TLR9, and other agonists flowed into the portal vein circulation to activate pro-inflammatory pathways, which aggravated liver steatosis, thus concluding that microbial structural changes were closely related to MASLD [67].