ADSL and infection: Moreover, AMPs, beyond their direct antimicrobial action, also exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-virulence properties, influencing cytokine and chemokine production, attracting immune cells to the site of infection [70], promoting wound healing [71], neutralizing harmful bacterial toxins like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mitigating conditions like septic shock and inflammation [70], and inhibiting virulence factors or targeting virulence mechanisms [71].