IGF1 and cancer: These proteins play critical roles in cancer by regulating the balance between cell survival and cell death, facilitating the maturation of oncogenic factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and interacting with the tumor suppressor p53 to block its pro-apoptotic activity [92,93].