The application of L-arginine to the neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 protects human serum albumin (HSA) from glycosylation, ensuring the proper function of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), which suggests the potential of L-arginine in mitigating accelerated glycosylation and oxidative stress-associated DCM [146]. Here, ALB is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.