VIRMA and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: In DLBCL, overexpression of VIRMA upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Cleaved-Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 8, Cleaved-Caspase 9, and Cleaved-PARP), thereby suppressing apoptosis.